Hat is a mathematical notation used in various branches of mathematics and science. Also, the hat symbol is used in languages.
In that case, the hat symbol is usually called a circumflex symbol.
In latex, the hat symbol is used separately in both text and math modes.
| Properties | Value |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Hat |
| Argument | Yes(a,u,i,j,k,..etc.) |
| Command | \hat{} |
| Example | \hat{a} → â |
Hat symbol in math mode
LaTeX provides a default command to use the hat symbol in LaTeX’s math mode, which is \hat{}.
If you pass a character as an argument to this command, the hat symbol will be printed over character in document.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{bm,amsmath}
% bm package for \boldsymbol command
% amsmath package for matrix
\begin{document}
\[ \hat{\mathbf{r}} = \cos(\varphi)\hat{\mathbf{i}} + \sin(\varphi)\hat{\mathbf{j}},\; \hat{\boldsymbol{\varphi}} = \hat{\mathbf{k}}\times\hat{\mathbf{r}} \]
\[ \ddot{\mathbf{r}} = \left( \ddot{r}-r\dot{\varphi}^2 \right)\hat{\mathbf{r}}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{d}{dt}\left(r^2\dot{\varphi}\right)\hat{\boldsymbol{\varphi}} \]
\[ \hat{\mathbf{i}} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},\;\hat{\mathbf{j}} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}, \; \hat{\mathbf{k}} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \]
\[ \hat{\mathbf{e}}_x\cdot(\hat{\mathbf{e}}_y\times\hat{\mathbf{e}}_z)= \varepsilon_{xyz} \]
\end{document}Output :
If you look at the program above, you will understand that for Math mode in Latex, you have to use $$...$$ or \[...\] on both sides of the expression.
Use vu command from physics package
You can easily solve the above problem using physics package. Because in physics, the hat symbol is used to denote the unit vector.
And you need to use \vu command to define this unit vector.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{physics}
\begin{document}
\[ \vu{a} \]
\[ \vu*{a} \]
\end{document}Output :
If you look at the output above, you will notice that the * symbol is used with the \vu command for the Greek and Italic style.
If you want to use hat symbols on more than one character, you need to use the \widehat{} command instead of the \hat{} command.
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\[ \hat{abc} \]
\[ \widehat{abc} \]
\end{document}Output :
If you look at the output above, you can see the difference between the two symbols.
Hat symbol in text mode
This Circumflex symbol is used to write the letters of words in different mother tongues. For this purpose, you need to use the inline ^{ } command.
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Circumflex-\^{o},\^{a}
\end{document}Output :
Circumflex-ô,â
