Matrices is an array and table where numbers, symbols, and expressions are arranged along the row and column according to the sequence. And these numbers, symbols, and expressions are called elements of the matrix.
Before defining a matrix in latex, you need to understand the structure of the matrix well.
Define matrix in LaTeX
First, to define a matrix in latex, you need to create a matrix environment.
matrix
is passed as an argument between \begin
and \end
commands. And this argument indicates that the matrix will be bound by which bracket? So, there is more than one argument to define more than one brackets.
Second, you need to create rows and columns according to your needs.
&
and \\
symbols are used to arrange elements along rows and columns sequentially in a matrix environment. This &
symbol arranges the elements of the matrix individually along the row. And \\
symbol creates a new column.
&
symbol along the row.
And in latex, you can define a complete matrix with the help of the above three steps.
For example, look at the following square matrix.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\[
\begin{matrix}
a_{11} & a_{12}\\
a_{21} & a_{22}
\end{matrix}
\]
\end{document}
Output :
The matrix is not specified by default in latex. For this, you need to install the external package amsmath
.
Matrix with different types of bracket in LaTeX
The arranged elements of the matrix are bound by different brackets and no brackets are given on either side of some matrix.
And the arranged elements of the matrix will be bound by brackets depending on the argument. So, take a look at this table below
pmatrix |
( ) |
bmatrix |
[ ] |
Bmatrix |
{ } |
vmatrix |
| | |
Vmatrix |
|| || |
1. Without brackets
If the matrix is not bound by a bracket. In that case, the matrix
must be passed as an argument within the matrix environment.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\[
\begin{matrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{matrix}
\]
\end{document}
Output :
2. Use parenthesis
If the matrix is surrounded by parenthesis. Then you need to use pmatrix
as an argument.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
3. Use square bracket
If the matrix is surrounded by a square bracket. Then you need to pass bmatrix
between begin and end command as an argument.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
4. Use curly bracket
Bmatrix
should also be used in the case of curly brackets. Latex is a case-sensitive language. In latex, capital letters and small letters are not the same things. Bmatrix
and bmatrix
are two different arguments for this in latex.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{Bmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{Bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
5. Use vertical bars
You all know when the value of a matrix is determined. In that case, both sides of the matrix are bounded by vertical bars. For this vertical bar, you need to pass the vmatrix
argument.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{vmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{vmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
6. Use double vertical bars
You have noticed that double vertical bars are used on both sides of the matrix. And use Vmatrix
as an argument where V
will be capital.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{Vmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{Vmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
If you look at the above programs, you can easily understand which argument is used for which bracket!
Define different types of matrices in LaTeX
The matrix is divided into different types according to the position of the elements in the matrix.
1. Square matrix
In this case, you need to take an equal number of rows and columns. Because the number of rows and columns of the square matrix is equal.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bmatrix}
a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,m} \\
a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,m} \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,m}
\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
2. Null matrix
In the case of zero matrix, all the elements of the matrix will be zero.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0
\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
3. Diagonal matrix
The elements of the diagonal matrix are located along the diagonal.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bmatrix}
a_{1} & & \\
& \ddots & \\
& & a_{n}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
4. Row matrix
In the case of a row matrix, the elements of the matrix are arranged along a row.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{1} & \cdots & a_{n}\\
\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
5. Column matrix
In the same way, the elements are located along a column.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bmatrix}
a_{1} \\ \vdots \\ a_{n}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
6. Vertical matrix
In the case number of rows will be more than the number of columns.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12}\\
a_{21} & a_{22}\\
a_{31} & a_{32}\\
a_{41} & a_{42}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
7. Horizontal matrix
Number of rows will be less than number of columns.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12}\\
a_{21} & a_{22}\\
a_{31} & a_{32}\\
a_{41} & a_{42}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
Output :
There are many types of matrices except the above matrix. Hopefully, with the help of latex, you will be able to represent other types of matrices in the same way.
Use physics package for matrix
You can represent matrix using physics
package instead of amsmath
package. Where \matrixquantity
command is used to denote matrix. This \matrixquantity
command is written as \mqty
in short form.
And pass the body of the matrix as an argument in \mqty
command which consists of a combination of row and column. Notice this example below
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{physics}
\begin{document}
\[
\mqty{a & b \\ c & d}
\]
\end{document}
Output :
You can use different types of brackets on both sides of the matrix. However, the syntax of the command will be different for different brackets.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{physics}
\begin{document}
\[
\mqty{a & b \\ c & d}
\quad
\mqty(a & b \\ c & d)
\quad
\mqty*(a & b \\ c & d)
\quad
\mqty[a & b \\ c & d]
\quad
\mqty|a & b \\ c & d|
\]
\end{document}
Output :
agar hm matrix main matrix k sath numbering dena chahty ho column num or rows ko matrix pa e to wo kaise latix main add ho ga?
kindly plx bta dye.
In the image below, did you want this kind of output? Where the equation number will come with the matrix! Please confirm this ???
